Let Them Fail

For those who thought our financial system was out of the woods after the 2008 disaster, the JPMorganChase debacle–the tab of which is at least $2 billion–is a bucket of ice water.

In 2008, the Lehman Brothers collapse shocked the financial system. The stock markets responded with very sharp drops in the midst of a Presidential election season. Bush teamed up with Bernanke and Paulson and both houses of Congress, foisting TARP–a $700 billion bailout of the banking system–on the American taxpayer. No major politician–with skin in the game–opposed it. McCain and Obama each supported it. Sarah Palin clicked her heels and assented. We were told that the financial system was ‘saved’, and that Great Depression II had been averted.

Would that were the case.

Since then, we have had the Obama Stimulus, Cash for Clunkers, HAMP, HARP, QE, and QE2. Obama has spent more money in 3 years than Bush spent in 8 years. Still, we have banks and hedge funds taking very big risks for the purposes of profit (MF Global) and hedging (JPMorganChase) and failing.

JPM ws considered one of the healthiest of the American banks.

Now, we have the outcry from lawmakers–again in a Presidential election year–about the quality of oversight provided by regulators.

Jim Cramer–the consummate Wall Street whore–is now calling for the return of Glass-Steagall.

Denninger–not without merit–is using the occasion to bring attention to (a) promoting a return to Glass-Steagall and (b) implementation of his “One Dollar of Capital” standard.

Meanwhile, The Nihilist in Golf Pants–at Fraters Libertas–seems to get it about the incompetence of regulators.

Nihilist is correct, with three caveats.

(1) Our financial regulators aren’t dummies. Unfortunately, they they work for large organizations that lack the institutional agility to adjust to rapid changes in the economic landscape. Bureaucracies are good for processes that don’t change much–payroll and HR–but not for overseeing entities and processes that are part of very rapidly-changing landscapes.

(2) The nature of regulation–especially in the financial sector–is largely reactive. The SEC is like a coroner. A coroner–just like your family physician–is a trained physician; the problem is that the coroner–(hopefully) unlike your family physician–is only good at examining people who no longer need medical care.

(3) Making matters worse, proactive regulation is itself a crapshoot, as it would require regulators who have foresight into developments that profit-seekers don’t often have. This would make the “cure” potentially as bad as the “disease”.

But here’s another angle: why must we assume that, every time a big corporation goes Tango Uniform, that “better regulation” would have saved the day?

Fact is, Enron, Worldcom, Dynegy, and every Dot-bomber that failed between 1999-2002 had provided plenty of financial disclosure. There were problems in their 10-K reports and 10-Q reports that suggested a plethora of “earnings management” behind their “profits”. The use of Special Purpose Entities–one of the major downfalls for Enron–was tantamount to consumers using credit cards to shuffle debts around. The disclosure was there, and yet many investors were wiped out even though Enron’s Special Purpose Entities were documented in their SEC filings (albeit in the footnotes).

Sure, regulators were slow. But the disclosure was already there. An investor who lost money on Enron has only himself to blame. If you made a trade–without understanding the financial reports–because Jack Grubman, or some other Wall Street pimp–touted it, and lost, then it isn’t the regulator’s fault.

Why is it when you are making money you are a “wise investor”, but–when you lose–it’s the regulator’s fault?

No…quit blaming the regulators here. This is about personal responsibility.

More regulators won’t keep the JPMs or the MF Globals of the world from making bad bets. If we wish to have a society where economic prosperity is feasible for the masses, then we need to get sober about what really matters:

(a) We need to demand sound money. That means we need to stop enabling our government’s deficit spending by printing money. That means we need to square our expectations of government with what government can actually deliver for what we are willing to pay.

(b) We need to prosecute fraud where it exists. Jon Corzine should be wearing an orange jumpsuit right now, not pimping for Obama. We need to go after banks that fraudulently foreclose on homes. We need to go after banks that used fraud to securitize mortgages. The punishments need to go beyond fines; execs who fostered the culture need to do some hard time.

(c) We need to let bad companies fail. The Nihilist (at Fraters Libertas) says we should keep companies from getting “too big to fail”. We don’t need regulators for that, though; we already have the necessary tool in place: the free market. If a company is sufficiently large, then the next interest rate spike is going to bring them down to size. (Can you say “Bye Bye Wal-Mart”?) After that, companies will know their risks and adjust accordingly, as having a company of large size will be inherently risky.

(d) We need to quit demanding the right to the assets of others. Social Security and/or Medicare and/or Medicaid will be dead before I am old enough to retire. Yes, you read that correctly: in 20 years, at least two of those programs will be gone. Anything that will exist will be a shadow of what it is today. I know this because we lack the money to sustain those programs as they exist today.

(e) No financial lender should receive a government backstop of any type. That goes for home loans, credit cards, and even student loans. If I wish to borrow for my education, then the loan officer would be wise to evaluate my social skills (in one or more interviews), references, credit history, work history, school grades, college major, years completed, and the expected income after graduation, to arrive at both the amount of my loan and the interest rate. If I wish to borrow for a house, then it becomes a question of how much equity I have (including the down payment), my work history, my credit history, my criminal record, and anything else that the lender believes impacts my ability to service a loan.

(f) All debts (including student loans) should be fully-dischargeable through bankruptcy. This would put all debts on the same field, and both lenders and borrowers would have skin in the game. Student loan peddlers would be more prudent in their lending if they knew that (a) defaults would not be backstopped by the government, and (b) students could, if the defecation hit the circulation, shove the bad debts down the lenders’ throats.

Yes, all of this will hurt. Badly. Prices, wages, and asset values would plummet. Foreclosures and bankruptcies would skyrocket. Unemployment would easily exceed Great Depression levels, at the very least for a few months. I would not be left unscathed, as I would probably lose my job and my house.

After 2 years, if cooler heads prevailed, we would emerge as a free country again, with unprecedented levels of prosperity. Manufacturing would return to the United States with a vengeance. The family farm would be back, as Big Agribusiness would be a shell of what it is today. Full employment would be back after 3 years. Government would be smaller, and we would have all the risks–and benefits–thereof.

How does that square with the alternative? If we keep bailing out banks, nations, industries, and even quasi-government agencies, sooner or later the money will run out. Investors will stop buying the bonds. This will result in either the former scenario or a governmental printing frenzy that ends in hyperinflationary disaster. We’ll all be trillionaires–or quadrillioinaires–but will barely be able to afford a loaf of bread.

5 comments

  1. Dave says:

    (d) We need to quit demanding the right to the assets of others. Social Security and/or Medicare and/or Medicaid will be dead before I am old enough to retire. Yes, you read that correctly: in 20 years, at least two of those programs will be gone. Anything that will exist will be a shadow of what it is today. I know this because we lack the money to sustain those programs as they exist today.

    I’m not sure that some sort of social safety net is a bad thing – the question is what might be sustainable. It would seem at least that you’d need to index eligibility to life-expectancy – perhaps what you mean by “a shadow of what it is today”?

    Manufacturing would return to the United States with a vengeance.

    How much of an effect do you expect this to have on employment? From a piece by Tyler Cowen:

    As the number of American jobs in manufacturing has fallen dramatically, it is often forgotten that American manufacturing output has continued to rise, even during some slow times. In the past decade, the flow of goods coming from U.S. factories has gone up by a third as capital has increasingly become a greater share of input over labor.

    Even Chinese factories seem to be looking at moving from humans to robots for manufacturing.

  2. singleman says:

    Had former President Bush and President Obama let some of those “too big to fail” companies fail and exercised some fiscal restraint, it’s possible that the economy could currently be recovering at a robust rate. Undoubtedly the pain would have been even worse than it was, but at least we could be seeing the light at the end of the tunnel, so to speak, like we were at this time in 1984.

  3. Amir says:

    @Dave

    I’m not sure that some sort of social safety net is a bad thing – the question is what might be sustainable. It would seem at least that you’d need to index eligibility to life-expectancy – perhaps what you mean by “a shadow of what it is today”?

    Yes, sort of. Today, almost everyone has access the ability to invest in his or her own safety net. Back in the day, the investment options were far more limited; today, anyone can open an IRA, even a self-directed one, with little more than a trip to the bank or a credit union.

    I’m not sure we need a government safety net anymore. I’m not sure that we ever needed a government safety net. In theory, it seems like it wouldn’t be a bad idea, but–as we have seen–government has not shown the level of competence to equitably manage it.

    How much of an effect do you expect this [return of manufacturing] to have on employment?

    That depends. If wages fall far enough, automation may not have a marginal advantage over human capital. Even with automation, however, the effect on employment would be substantial. I would see the threat of automation used as a bargaining chip to thwart unions.

    If unions attempt to flex their collective muscle, they’ll have the threat of automation–or even moving plants to more amenable locales–to keep them in check.

    This is not to say that management is never the problem; I could give you horror stories from GM on that front. At the same time, the union was way too big for its collective britches, and that is a large part of the reason so many manufacturing jobs are no longer in America today.

    When/if jobs start coming back, the workers need to be very leery of U Ain’t Workin’ (UAW).

  4. Adam says:

    (f) All debts (including student loans) should be fully-dischargeable through bankruptcy. This would put all debts on the same field, and both lenders and borrowers would have skin in the game. Student loan peddlers would be more prudent in their lending if they knew that (a) defaults would not be backstopped by the government, and (b) students could, if the defecation hit the circulation, shove the bad debts down the lenders’ throats.

    I dunno about this. I think that we do have a duty, as students who have made an agreement to borrow money, to repay the loans we have. Defaults do happen, especially today since many people are having to find lesser paying jobs in order to even make payments. However, I do think that we should not abrogate our moral responsibility to pay back what we owe.

    That is why people ask me with all the struggles I have to pay my student debt right now if I would like to see the president discharge the student loan debt. My answer to that is that I would not, since the economic pain that would cause would hurt me far more than the difficulty I have in paying my loans.

    Still, I understand what you are saying. Both the borrower and the lender have to be wise in how they conduct business. The borrowers get all of the protection, even though they may make bad decisions. Why is it business leaders who give out these bad loans don’t have to pay for their bad decisions, but students do? No doubt, both should be accountable, but why one side and not the other?

    God Bless,
    Adam

    • Amir says:

      I dunno about this. I think that we do have a duty, as students who have made an agreement to borrow money, to repay the loans we have. Defaults do happen, especially today since many people are having to find lesser paying jobs in order to even make payments. However, I do think that we should not abrogate our moral responsibility to pay back what we owe.

      Neither do I. OTOH, (a) one set of creditors ought not get privileges that other creditors do not enjoy, (b) while bankruptcy ought to be a road of last resort, it IS a provision designed into our Constitution, and (c) lenders–especially student loan providers–often adjust the terms after the money is borrowed.

      If loans are not dischargeable through bankruptcy, then there is a lack of checks and balances that keep creditors honest.

      (This is why the bankruptcy reform legislation was ill-advised: it handed more advantages to creditors, who were wanting government to cover for their bad lending practices. The result is a system that further favors creditors and bankruptcy lawyers, and which also has given a new market for fly-by-night “credit repair” firms that screw the little guy.)

      We already have a process for vetting bankruptcies. That is a Constitutional function of the federal government, and not just anyone can go into a courthouse and file Chapter 7.

      Is that process perfect? Not by a long shot. OTOH, the Founding Fathers designed that into our Constitution. It differentiates our society–one that encourages free markets and legitimate risk-taking–with the Aristocracy that defined (and still defines) Europe.

      Bankruptcy sucks–both debtor and creditor get slammed–but it does allow the debtor to live and fight another day.

      There are penalties to the debtor:

      (a) employers often check credit reports of prospective employees. A bad credit rating can impair your employability;

      (b) if the jobs in your line of work require a high-level security clearance, your employability would be damaged. If you have a high security clearance and file bankruptcy, you can lose your clearance. That can result in a loss of a job.

      (c) Bankruptcies stay on your credit report for up to 10 years (Chapter 7). A Chapter 13 bankruptcy stays on your credit report for 7 years.

      (d) After a bankruptcy, it often takes about 4 years (or more) before you become eligible to get loans at good interest rates.

      (e) If a debtor has any sense of honor, bankruptcy carries a nasty stigma.

      But to make a long story short, making student loan debt fully-dischargeable will go a long way toward making the lending more equitable.

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